让网络购药更安全更便捷******
随着药品网络销售活动日趋活跃，足不出户在网上购买常用药、急用药，成为很多人的新选择。相比线下售药，网上药店往往没有实体店铺，购药时也没有药师当面指导，销售行为的监管难度更大，因而更容易出现用药安全风险。近年来，网上违规出售处方药、非法销售违禁药的情况时有发生，需要加强对药品网络销售的监管。
12月1日，《药品网络销售监督管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)正式施行。从规定“药品网络销售企业应当按照经过批准的经营方式和经营范围经营”，到指出“通过网络向个人销售处方药的，应当确保处方来源真实、可靠，并实行实名制”，再到强调“第三方平台应当加强检查，对入驻平台的药品网络销售企业的药品信息展示、处方审核、药品销售和配送等行为进行管理”，《办法》为药品网络销售提供了更加明确的合规指引，对于进一步规范药品网络销售行为，保障网络购药安全具有重要作用。各级药品监管部门要将《办法》落到实处，全面做好药品网络销售监督管理，严查违法行为，维护药品网络销售秩序。
网上药店资质审核和销售行为监管需强化。药品网络销售主体类型多、数量庞大，推广和展示方式复杂多样，监管难度比实体药店更大。《办法》规定，“药品网络零售企业应当对药品配送的质量与安全负责”“应当完整保存供货企业资质文件、电子交易等记录”。网上药店基本都有线下实体企业和仓库，加强对网上药店的资质审核和药品检查，就抓住了药品网络销售监管的“牛鼻子”。抓好药品网络销售全过程监管，确保每一笔交易有留痕、可追溯，如有违法违规问题就可以实现快速倒查。
处方药网络销售需从严、从紧管理。我国对非处方药和处方药有着严格的分类管理：非处方药使用比较安全，不需要开具处方即可出售；处方药对人体具有潜在危险，违规出售造成的用药安全风险更大，必须在医生开具处方后方可出售。《办法》规定，“处方药销售前，应当向消费者充分告知相关风险警示信息，并经消费者确认知情”；销售处方药的药品网络零售企业“相关记录保存期限不少于5年，且不少于药品有效期满后1年”。药品网络销售监管要突出处方药销售这个重点，遵循经营监管“线上线下一致性”原则，加强处方审核，严厉打击伪造处方、随意开具处方等违法违规行为。
第三方平台应担负起管理和监督责任。第三方平台面向大量消费者，进驻的药店多、药品销量大，容易出现违法违规行为。《办法》对第三方平台建立药品质量安全管理机构，配备药学技术人员，建立并实施药品质量安全、处方审核、不良反应报告等管理制度做了详细规定，并要求对申请入驻的药品网络销售企业资质、质量安全保证能力等进行审核，对销售活动建立检查监控制度等。第三方平台要完善内部管理，进一步加强专业能力建设，不断强化对进驻药店销售行为的监督，从而更好地履行平台管理责任。
药品安全关系人民群众生命健康。《办法》对药品网络销售法律责任进行了详细规定，加大了对违法违规行为的处罚力度。监管部门须坚持“以网管网”，加强药品网络销售监测，发挥技术手段在保障药品质量安全方面的突出优势，一旦发现违法违规行为，依法依规严厉查处。药品网络销售企业、第三方平台要把药品安全放在首位，落实主体责任，加强行业自律。统筹协作、共管共治，一定能持续提升药品安全治理水平，让网络购药更安全、更便捷。
申少铁
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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